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Epidemiological Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Czechia
Sekera, Jan Carlos
Sexually transmitted infections are among the diseases that are showing an increase and pose significant health problems, especially among the young population. They directly impact sexual reproductive health through stigma, infertility, cancer and pregnancy complications and can increase the risk of HIV. The dissertation focuses on the epidemiological situation of sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. It seeks to supplement the missing data on this group of diseases and thus contribute by analysis to a better understanding of the development and current state in the Czech Republic. The work is conceived as a set of articles. Within the dissertation, the author introduces the context of his professional focus within the field of knowledge through published studies. The published studies that make up this dissertation focused on four critical areas of the issue of sexually transmitted infections: health literacy, socio-demographic analysis of injecting drug users, HIV testing at the time of the pandemic and regional differences The first set of included papers analysed HIV/AIDS health literacy levels. Knowledge of inequalities in health literacy is a crucial prerequisite for applying preventive measures. The second of the enrolled studies focused on analysing sexually transmitted...
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Epidemiological Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Czechia
Sekera, Jan Carlos ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Pikhart, Hynek (referee) ; Rob, Filip (referee)
Sexually transmitted infections are among the diseases that are showing an increase and pose significant health problems, especially among the young population. They directly impact sexual reproductive health through stigma, infertility, cancer and pregnancy complications and can increase the risk of HIV. The dissertation focuses on the epidemiological situation of sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. It seeks to supplement the missing data on this group of diseases and thus contribute by analysis to a better understanding of the development and current state in the Czech Republic. The work is conceived as a set of articles. Within the dissertation, the author introduces the context of his professional focus within the field of knowledge through published studies. The published studies that make up this dissertation focused on four critical areas of the issue of sexually transmitted infections: health literacy, socio-demographic analysis of injecting drug users, HIV testing at the time of the pandemic and regional differences The first set of included papers analysed HIV/AIDS health literacy levels. Knowledge of inequalities in health literacy is a crucial prerequisite for applying preventive measures. The second of the enrolled studies focused on analysing sexually transmitted...
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Stigma of Russian-speaking injection drug users, that live in Czech Republic
Pavarych, Iryna ; Matoušek, Petr (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to map the barriers to Russian-speaking injecting drug users (IDU) living in the Czech Republic in entering the addictology services from the perspective of the users themselves. Moreover, to find out whether there is internalized stigma towards drug use in the mentioned population as a consequence of the structural and social stigma present in the post-soviet countries. The work also focuses on other subjective barriers on the part of Russian-speaking IDU in accepting and searching for addictology services in the Czech Republic. A partial goal of the work was to deepen knowledge about the cultural specifics of diasporas. The data were obtained using qualitative research where a semi-structured interview was conducted as a tool. The research group, which was selected by purposeful selection, consists of 8 respondents. This set is made by respondents from Georgia, Ukraine, Belarus and Latvia. The research revealed that the main barrier to the use of addictology services in the Czech Republic from the perspective of respondents was the lack of information which is mainly due to the language barrier and the reluctance of respondents to seek professional help in the Czech Republic as such. Internalized stigma due to social stigma has become the main reason for the...
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Estimation of the consumption of injecting equipment by clients of Prague contact centers and outreach programs
Provazníková, Radka ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Gabrhelík, Roman (referee)
Background: Intravenous way of drug application is the most common between problem drug users at Prague. Due Mravčík et al. (2015), the estimate is, that there was a 15 700 intravenous drug users at Prague in 2014 (7 500 pervitin users, 2 500 heroin users and 5 700 buprenorphine users). And that they spend about 15,5 millions of syringes every year (Švůgerová, 2015). But the data in Annual report on drug situation 2014 says, there was only 2, 6 millions of syringes distributed (Mravčík et al., 2015). This means, that Prague intravenous drug users spend many more syringes, that are distributed by low-treshold services and pharmacies. That is a reason of charting of the behaviour of drug users in connection with application of addictive substance, especially how the consuption of injecting material is connected with single type of drug user. Aims: The main aim of the thesis is to find out the frequency of drug application in intravenous drug users and to estimate the total consumption of injecting materialial depended on single of users typology (used drugs, frequncy of contact with harm reduction services…) Research sample: The sample consists of 155 clients of harm reduction services at Prague (3 contact centers and 3 streetwork programs). All of the respondents stated the intravenous drug using in...
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Stigma of Russian-speaking injection drug users, that live in Czech Republic
Pavarych, Iryna ; Matoušek, Petr (advisor) ; Barták, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the stigmatization of Russian-speaking injecting drug users (active and ex-users), originating from post-Soviet countries, the influence of this process on the attitude to addictology services in the Czech Republic and their willingness to enter treatment. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part explains the concept of stigmatization, its causes and the process of origin. It also introduces the situation with the Russian-speaking minority living in the Czech Republic. The practical part is devoted to interviews with Russian-language IDU. The aim of the study was to find out whether there is stigma towards drug use in the mentioned population and if so, to what extent it influences users in their attitude to treatment and seeking help. Data were obtained using qualitative research, where a semi-structured interview was used as a tool. The research group, which was selected by purposeful selection, consists of 6 respondents. Research shows that stigma, due to social and interpersonal stigmas, has become a major reason for refusal of treatment for respondents from Ukraine and Latvia. The most frequently mentioned barrier to entering treatment from the perspective of the respondents was the absence of information about addictology...
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Injecting drug use and other infectious-related risks among prisoners - situation and prevention
Vašíčková, Jana ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Hönigová, Karolína (referee)
Prisons are a risk environment in terms of presence of injecting drug use and infectious diseases. Prisoners should be able to access harm reduction programs. Within the framework of the prevention of the spread of infectious diseases among prisoners, a pilot project (HA-REACT) was implemented during which there were condom vending machines installed in 2 randomly selected departments of Prague-Pankrác Prison. I was able to get involved in the project implementation. The aim of my research was to determine the incidence rate of infectious diseases and risk behaviour among prisoners in the Prague-Pankrác prison. The investigated risk behaviour concerned the injecting drug use, sharing equipment for injecting drug use, practising of sex and the use of condoms. Interest was also paid to using and evaluating the condom vending machines at the end of the 1 month period during which they were available to the prisoners. Within the framework of the evaluation of the pilot distribution of condoms, the NMS conducted a questionnaire survey at 2 prisons, the evaluation of which was provided to me. The respondents of the questionnaire were prisoners who had a condom vending machine available for 1 month. I divided the respondents into 3 age groups, picked out questions from the questionnaire which I had...
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Estimation of the consumption of injecting equipment by clients of Prague contact centers and outreach programs
Provazníková, Radka ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Gabrhelík, Roman (referee)
Background: Intravenous way of drug application is the most common between problem drug users at Prague. Due Mravčík et al. (2015), the estimate is, that there was a 15 700 intravenous drug users at Prague in 2014 (7 500 pervitin users, 2 500 heroin users and 5 700 buprenorphine users). And that they spend about 15,5 millions of syringes every year (Švůgerová, 2015). But the data in Annual report on drug situation 2014 says, there was only 2, 6 millions of syringes distributed (Mravčík et al., 2015). This means, that Prague intravenous drug users spend many more syringes, that are distributed by low-treshold services and pharmacies. That is a reason of charting of the behaviour of drug users in connection with application of addictive substance, especially how the consuption of injecting material is connected with single type of drug user. Aims: The main aim of the thesis is to find out the frequency of drug application in intravenous drug users and to estimate the total consumption of injecting materialial depended on single of users typology (used drugs, frequncy of contact with harm reduction services…) Research sample: The sample consists of 155 clients of harm reduction services at Prague (3 contact centers and 3 streetwork programs). All of the respondents stated the intravenous drug using in...
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